Acyclovir is an antiviral drug used for the treatment of herpes viruses. These include Cold Sores, Genital Herpes , Shingles and Chicken Pox, and Mononucleosis. By decreasing the growth rate of the herpes virus, Acyclovir helps the body’s immune system fight the infection. Acyclovir is not a cure for herpes. Acyclovir can only be obtained through a doctor’s prescription.
It has been estimated that almost 50 million people in the USA have genital herpes, and that more than 50% of sexually active adults carry the virus. Genital herpes can only be spread by direct contact with an infected person. One reason for the alarmingly high rate of infection is due to the fact that infected women do not show symptoms. Some women report minor discomfort and itching.
Mononucleosis, often referred to as the ‘kissing disease’, is common in older teens, although young adults and children are at risk. A person is infected through contact with infected saliva. Whilst it is called ‘the kissing’ disease, mononucleosis is more likely to be contracted through the sharing of food and drink.
Shingles is a painful rash caused by the chicken pox virus, which is a member of the herpes family of viruses. When a person has recovered from chicken pox, the virus never completely clears; it lies dormant in the body’s nervous system. It can reappear in the form of shingles. This is how singles and chicken pox are related. Shingles usually affects people older than 60, although any person who has had chicken pox is at risk of shingles. The virus that causes shingles and chicken pox is not the same as the virus that causes genital herpes or mouth sores.
Do not increase or decrease the dosage of Acyclovir before you consult a doctor, even if the infection appears to have cleared. For best results the full course, as prescribed, should be taken. Treatment must begin at the first sign of symptoms. These include burning, itching and blisters. Herpes is very contagious so maintain strict personal hygiene during treatment, i.e. if you touch an infected part of your body, wash your hands thoroughly before touching your eyes. Avoid contact with other people.
Acyclovir is to be used cautiously. It is essential that your doctor has a full knowledge of your medical history before prescribing Acyclovir. Patients with a history of kidney disease may require a reduced dosage. Acyclovir falls into the FDA pregnancy category B; this means it is unlikely to cause harm to a pregnant woman or a fetus. If a woman falls pregnant while using Acyclovir, consult a doctor immediately as herpes can be transmitted from the mother to a baby during birth. If a pregnant woman is infected with genital herpes it is vital that no lesions occur during the pregnancy – this could lead to a genital lesion at the time of childbirth. Acyclovir is excreted into breast milk therefore a pregnant woman should consult a doctor before breastfeeding.
Acyclovir should be taken as prescribed by a doctor. Acyclovir should be taken with a glass of water. It is not necessary to take Acyclovir with food. However, if stomach upsets occur, take future doses with food. Make sure you drink extra water during treatment to ensure the kidneys are being well flushed. If a dose is missed, it can be taken as soon as you remember, as long as it does not clash with the next scheduled dose. In this case, rather skip the missed dose. Never take a double dose.
Wear light, loose clothing while using Acyclovir and make sure the herpes lesions are kept clean and dry. Sexual intercourse during treatment should be avoided. However, if you do engage in sexual activity, ensure that a condom is used to prevent the spread of the infection.
Common side-effects of Acyclovir include: a feeling of weakness, lower back pain, bruising or bleeding easily, stomach pains, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, restlessness, seizures, headaches, loss of appetite, dizziness and swollen feet or hands. Acyclovir can cause other side-effects so if you experience any strange symptoms while using Acyclovir, consult a doctor. Patients using probenecid (a medication used to increase the excretion of uric acid) may not be able to use Acyclovir, or the doctor may need to adjust the dosage. Acyclovir has been known to react adversely with other medications, so ensure that you inform your doctor of all medications you are using, including herbal and over-the-counter remedies, as well as vitamin supplements. Most side-effects occur in the early stages of treatment. If they persist, or worsen, consult a doctor.
The brand name for Acyclovir is Zovirax. The medication comes in 200mg capsules, 400mg and 800mg tablets and a 200mg/5ml banana-flavored liquid. Never store medication where it can be reached by children.